Nkọwa ngwaahịa:

Ngwunye eriri bụ ụdị teepu nrapado dị elu nwere ike bee siri ike, ike ike, griiz nguzogide, nguzogide ịka nká na nguzogide corrosion.

Ngwa:

A na-ejikarị ya maka mkpuchi katọn, akwa kapeeti, eriri dị arọ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ugbu a, a na-ejikwa ya ugboro ugboro na ụgbọ ala, chassis na kabinet.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ihe mbụ a na-akpọ "tepu ọbọgwụ" bụ ogologo uwe ọbọgwụ owu larịị nke a na-eji eme ka akpụkpọ ụkwụ sie ike, maka ịchọ mma na uwe, na iji kechie eriri ígwè ma ọ bụ ndị na-eduzi eletrik iji chebe ha pụọ ​​​​na corrosion ma ọ bụ eyi.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1902, eriri igwe na-akwado ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Manhattan bụ nke mbụ kpuchiri na mmanụ linseed wee kechie ya na teepu ọbọgwụ tupu etinye ya.N'afọ ndị 1910, ụfọdụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-eji akwa akwa akwa akwa maka elu ma ọ bụ maka insole, a na-akwakwa teepu ọbọgwụ mgbe ụfọdụ maka nkwado.N'afọ 1936, Associationtù Ndị Injinia Insulated Power Cables nke dị na United States kwuru na mkpuchi teepu ọbọgwụ dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụzọ eji echekwa eriri ọkụ rọba.N'afọ 1942, ụlọ ahịa ngalaba Gimbel nyere ákwà mkpuchi venetian nke ejiri teepu ọbọgwụ kwụkọta ọnụ.Ihe ndị a niile e kwuru n'elu bụ maka owu ma ọ bụ teepu linen nke na-abịa na-enweghị akwa mkpuchi etinyere.

A na-eji teepu nrapado nke ụdị dị iche iche eme ihe site na 1910, gụnyere mpịakọta nke teepu akwa na mkpuchi nrapado n'otu akụkụ.A na-eji teepu na-acha ọcha nke akwa akwa na rọba na zinc oxide mee ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ iji kechie ọnyá, mana enwere ike dochie teepu ndị ọzọ dị ka teepu esemokwu ma ọ bụ teepu eletrik na mberede.N'afọ 1930, magazin bụ́ Popular Mechanics kọwara otú e si eme teepu nrapado n'ụlọ site n'iji teepu ákwà dị larịị tinye n'ime ngwakọta mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nke rosin na rọba sitere na tubes dị n'ime.

N'afọ 1923, Richard Gurley Drew na-arụ ọrụ maka 3M chepụtara teepu masking, teepu dabeere na mpempe akwụkwọ nwere nnyapade dị nro.Na 1925 nke a ghọrọ teepu ihe mkpuchi nke Scotch.Na 1930, Drew mepụtara teepu transperent nke dabeere na cellophane, nke a na-akpọ Scotch Tape.A na-eji teepu a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe malite na nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi iji rụkwaa ihe ụlọ.Ode akwụkwọ Scott Berkun edewo na teepu duct bụ "ihe arụrụ arụ" bụ mgbanwe nke ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ a site na 3M.Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị nke Drew mepụtara na-adabere na teepu ákwà.

Echiche maka ihe ghọrọ teepu duct sitere n'aka Vesta Stoudt, onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na nne nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ, bụ ndị na-echegbu onwe ha na nsogbu na mkpuchi igbe mgboagha ga-efu ndị agha oge dị oké ọnụ ahịa n'agha.O degaara Onye isi ala Franklin D. Roosevelt akwụkwọ na 1943 na echiche iji teepu akwa mechie igbe ndị ahụ, nke ọ nwalere na ụlọ ọrụ ya.E zigara akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na War Production Board, bụ ndị tinyere Johnson & Johnson n'ọrụ.Ngalaba Revolite nke Johnson & Johnson emeela teepu nrapado ahụike site na akwa ọbọgwụ site na 1927 na otu ndị Revolite's Johnny Denoye na Johnson & Johnson's Bill Gross na-edu ha mepụtara teepu nrapado ọhụrụ ahụ, nke e mere ka ọ dọka ya n'aka, ọ bụghị mkpa ka ebibie ya.

Ihe ọhụrụ ha a na-akpọghị aha bụ ọbọ ọbọgwụ owu kpuchiri na polyethylene (plastic) nke na-adịghị mmiri, nke nwere akwa mkpuchi isi awọ nke rọba (nke a na-akpọ "Polycoat") jikọtara n'otu akụkụ.Ọ dị mfe itinye ma wepụ ya, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, a gbanwere ya iji rụkwaa ngwa agha ngwa ngwa, gụnyere ụgbọ ala na ngwa agha.Ndị agha ji teepu a, nke nwere agba matte oliv nke ndị agha.Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, a na-ere ngwaahịa teepu ọbọgwụ n'ụlọ ahịa ngwaike maka ndozi ezinụlọ.Ụlọ ọrụ Melvin A. Anderson nke Cleveland, Ohio, nwetara ikike nke teepu na 1950. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na-ewu ụlọ iji kechie ọwa ikuku.N'ịgbaso ngwa a, aha "tape duct" malitere n'afọ ndị 1950, yana ngwaahịa teepu ndị na-acha isi awọ ọlaọcha dị ka tin ductwork.E mepụtara teepu pụrụ iche nke okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ maka ikpo ọkụ na ikuku oyi.Ka ọ na-erule 1960 otu ụlọ ọrụ St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC, Albert Arno, Inc., nwere akara ụghalaahịa aha "Ductape" maka teepu duct "ọkụ na-eguzogide," nwere ike ijide ọnụ na 350-400 °F (177-204 °C). ).

Na 1971, Jack Kahl zụtara ụlọ ọrụ Anderson wee kpọgharịa ya Manco.] N'afọ 1975, Kahl degharịrị aha teepu duct nke ụlọ ọrụ ya mere.N'ihi na okwu jeneriki a na-ejibu "tepu ọbọgwụ" adapụwo n'iji ya eme ihe, [nnwapụta dara ada] ọ nwere ike ịre ahịa akara "Duck Tape" wee zụọ ngwaahịa ya zuru oke na akara ọbọgwụ na-acha odo odo.Manco họọrọ aha "Duck" dị ka "egwu na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị mmadụ na-ezo aka na teepu duct dị ka" teepu ọbọgwụ ", yana dị ka ahịa dị iche iche ka ọ pụta ìhè megide ndị ọzọ na-ere teepu duct.N'afọ 1979, atụmatụ ịzụ ahịa Duck Tape gụnyere izipu kaadị ekele na akara ọbọgwụ, ugboro anọ n'afọ, nye ndị njikwa ngwaike 32,000.Nzikọrịta ozi a jikọtara ya na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mara mma na nke dabara adaba nyeere Duck Tape aka ịbụ onye ama ama.Site n'ebe ndị ahịa dị nso-efu Manco mechara chịkwaa 40% nke ahịa teepu duct na US.] Henkel nwetara na 1998, na 2009, e rere Duck Tape na Shurtape Teknụzụ, nke ezinụlọ Shuford nke North Carolina nwere.Ọbọgwụ abụghị naanị ụdị teepu duct nke Shurtape;A na-akpọ onyinye ha dị elu "T-Rex Tape.""Ultimate Duck", nke bụbu Henkel n'elu nke ahịrị dị iche iche, ka na-ere na United Kingdom. Duck Ultimate, T-Rex Tape, na Gorilla Tape na-asọmpi na-akpọsa "teknụzụ nke atọ Layer".

Mgbe 3M nwetara uru site na Scotch Tape na 1930s, 3M mepụtara ihe agha ndị agha n'oge WWII, na 1946 emebela teepu eletriki vinyl mbụ bara uru.Ka ọ na-erule 1977, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ere teepu duct nke na-eguzogide okpomọkụ maka ọwa mmiri.N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s, ngalaba teepu 3M nwere ngbanwe kwa afọ nke nde $300, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ US.Na 2004, 3M chepụtara teepu duct transperent.

Mepụta

A na-eji teepu duct nke oge a mee ihe ọ bụla n'ime ihe dị iche iche a kpara akpa iji nye ike.The eri ma ọ bụ jupụta yarn nke ákwà nwere ike ịbụ owu, polyester, naịlọn, rayon ma ọ bụ fiberglass.Akwa bụ gauze dị gịrịgịrị a na-akpọ "scrim" nke a na-etinye na nkwado nke polyethylene dị ala (LDPE).A na-enye agba nke LDPE site na pigmenti dị iche iche;Agba isi awọ a na-emebu na-abịa site na aluminom powdered agwakọta n'ime LDPE.Enwere obosara teepu abụọ a na-emepụta: 1.9 inch (48 mm) na 2 in (51 mm).A na-enyekwa obosara ndị ọzọ.Emere nnukwu mpịakọta azụmahịa nke teepu duct na 2005 maka Henkel, nke nwere inch 3.78 (9.6 cm) obosara, dayameta mpịakọta nke inch 64 (160 cm) na ịdị kilogram 650 (290 n'arọ).

Ejikarị

A na-ejikarị teepu ntanye eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ndị chọrọ teepu siri ike, na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke na-adọrọ adọrọ.Ụfọdụ nwere nrapado na-adịte aka na iguzogide ihu igwe.

Ụdị pụrụ iche, teepu gaffer, nke na-adịghị ahapụ ihe fọdụrụ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe ewepụrụ ya, bụ ndị gaffers na ụlọ ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na-ahọrọ.

Ihe ntanye, n'ọdịdị ya dị ka "tepe ịgba ọsọ", "tepe agbụrụ" ma ọ bụ "tepe 100 mile na elekere" ejirila motosports ihe karịrị afọ 40 iji rụkwaa ọrụ ahụ nke fiberglass (n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ).Teepu nke ịgba ọsọ na-abịa n'ụdị agba dị iche iche iji nyere aka dakọtara ya na agba agba nkịtị.Na UK, a na-akpọkarị ya "tepu tank" na egwuregwu egwuregwu.

Eji na ductwork

Ngwaahịa a na-akpọkarị teepu duct ekwesịghị inwe mgbagwoju anya na teepu pụrụ iche emebere n'ezie maka ịchichi ducts kpo oku na ventilashị (HVAC), ọ bụ ezie na a pụkwara ịkpọ teepu ndị a "teepu duct."Iji nye data ụlọ nyocha gbasara nke sealants na teepu na-adịru, na nke nwere ike ịda, e mere nyocha na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division.Isi nkwubi okwu ha bụ na mmadụ ekwesịghị iji teepu duct mechie ducts (ha kọwapụtara teepu duct dị ka teepu ọ bụla dabeere na ákwà nke nwere nrapado rọba).Nnwale a mere na-egosi na n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị siri ike mana nke ezi uche dị na ya, teepu ducts na-akụkpọ nkụ ma nwee ike daa ngwa ngwa, mgbe ụfọdụ na-agbapụta ma ọ bụ daa kpamkpam.

teepu duct ndị nkịtị anaghị eburu asambodo nchekwa dịka UL ma ọ bụ Proposition 65, nke pụtara na teepu nwere ike na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu, na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ na-egbu egbu;ọ nwere ike ịkpata nsị na kọntaktị toxicity;ọ nwere ike inwe ike n'ibu oge;na nrapado ya nwere ike inwe obere ndụ ndụ.Steeti California na koodu iwu ụlọ amachibidoro iji ya n'ọwa ụgbọ mmiri n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ.

Ojiji n'ụgbọ elu oghere

Dịka onye injinia NASA bụ Jerry Woodfill siri kwuo, onye agha NASA dị afọ 52, a na-etinye teepu duct na ụgbọ mmiri ozi ọ bụla kemgbe mmalite mmemme Gemini.

Ndị injinia NASA na ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe ejirila teepu duct na-arụ ọrụ ha, gụnyere n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ mberede.Otu ihe eji eme ihe mere na 1970 mgbe Woodfill na-arụ ọrụ na njikwa Mission, mgbe a ga-emezigharị ihe nzacha carbon dioxide nke sitere na modul iwu dara nke Apollo 13 ka ọ dabara na ebe nchekwa gburugburu na modul ọnwa, nke a na-eji dị ka ụgbọ mmiri ndụ mgbe mgbawa gbawara en. ụzọ ọnwa.Ihe eji arụ ọrụ ejiri teepu duct na ihe ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụgbọ Apollo 13, ebe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu na-ebuga ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu ntuziaka.Ndị na-asachapụ CO2 nke ọnwa amalitela ịrụ ọrụ ọzọ, na-azọpụta ndụ ndị astronauts atọ nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ.

Ed Smylie, onye haziri ngbanwe nke scrubber n'ime naanị ụbọchị abụọ, kwuru na mgbe e mesịrị na ya maara na nsogbu ahụ nwere ike idozi mgbe akwadoro na teepu duct dị na ụgbọ elu: "Ọ dị m ka anyị nwere onwe anyị n'ụlọ," ka o kwuru na 2005. " Otu ihe nwata nwoke Southern agaghị ekwu bụ, 'Echeghị m na teepu duct ga-edozi ya.' "

Ihe teepu, nke a na-akpọ "... ezigbo teepu isi awọ America ochie..." bụ nke ndị Apollo 17 na-enyocha mbara igwe na ọnwa ji arụzigharị ihe mgbochi mebiri emebi na rover nke ọnwa, na-egbochi mmebi nwere ike site na ịgba. Uzuzu nke ọnwa ka ha na-anya.

Ojiji agha

N'ime ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri nke US, a na-akpọ teepu akwa nrapado "EB Green," dịka teepu duct nke ụgbọ mmiri Electric na-eji bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.A na-akpọkwa ya "teepu ọbọgwụ", "tepe riggers", "tepe ifufe", ma ọ bụ "tepe 100-mph" - aha nke sitere na iji ụdị teepu duct dị iche iche nke kwesiri iguzogide ihe ruru 100. mph (160 km/h; 87 kn) ifufe.Akpọrọ aha teepu ahụ n'ihi na ejiri ya n'oge Agha Vietnam rụkwaa ma ọ bụ dozie eriri rotor helikopta.

Ojiji ọzọ

Mgbasa mgbasa ozi nke teepu na ọtụtụ ojiji ejirila ya mee ka ọ bụrụ ebe siri ike na omenala ndị ama ama, ma kpalie ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwa okike na iche echiche.

Ngwọta occlusion teepu (DTOT) bụ usoro ezubere iji gwọọ waatị site na iji teepu duct kpuchie ha ruo ogologo oge.Ihe akaebe maka ịdị irè ya adịghị mma;ya mere a naghị atụ aro ya ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụgwọ oge niile.Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi na ọgwụgwọ teepu duct dị irè karịa nhọrọ ahụike dị adị.A na-ejikarị teepu eriri eme ihe na nrụzi akpụkpọ ụkwụ n'ihi nkwụghachi ya.

Ejirila teepu ntanye iji dozie nsogbu oku Apple's iPhone 4 nwa oge, dị ka ihe ọzọ na akpa rọba nke Apple.

Na omenala ewu ewu

The Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg na Tim Nyberg) edeela akwụkwọ asaa gbasara teepu duct, dị ka nke 2005. Akwụkwọ ha na-ere ahịa erela ihe karịrị nde 1.5 ma gosipụta ezigbo na ojiji nke teepu duct.N'afọ 1994, ha chepụtara nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ "ọ naghị agbaji, ọ nweghị teepu duct".Agbakwunyere na nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ na 1995 na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ ha banyere mmanu WD-40 akwụkwọ bụ, "Iwu abụọ na-enweta gị site na ndụ: Ọ bụrụ na ọ rapaara na ọ na-ekwesịghị ịbụ, WD-40 ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị rapaara na ọ ga-ekwesịrị. ịbụ, duct teepu ya."Webụsaịtị ha nwere puku kwuru puku teepu duct eji sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa sitere na ejiji ruo nrụzi akpaaka.A na-akpọ ngwakọta nke WD-40 na teepu duct mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "ihe nrụzi redneck".

The Canadian sitcom The Red Green Show aha aha na-ejikarị teepu duct (nke ọ kpọrọ "ngwa agha nzuzo onye aka") dị ka ụzọ mkpirisi maka ijikọ nke ọma yana maka ojiji na-adịghị mma.Usoro a na-egosi mgbe ụfọdụ ihe okike teepu ọfụfụ.Usoro ihe nkiri a nwere ihe onyonyo dabere na ya akpọrọ Duct Tape Forever na ọtụtụ VHS/DVD chịkọtara nke ihe ngosi eji teepu ahụ ewepụtala.Ebe ọ bụ na 2000, usoro kpakpando Steve Smith (dị ka "Red Green") bụ "Ambassador nke Scotch Duct Tape" maka 3M.

Usoro Nchọpụta Ọwa MythBusters gosipụtara teepu duct n'ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo ndị metụtara ojiji na-abụghị omenala.Akụkọ ifo ndị ekwenyesiri ike na-agụnye ịkwụsịtụ ụgbọ ala ruo oge ụfọdụ, iwu egbe na-arụ ọrụ, ụgbọ mmiri nke mmadụ abụọ, ụgbọ mmiri nwere mmadụ abụọ (nke nwere teepu teepu), ụgbọ mmiri mmadụ abụọ, akpụkpọ ụkwụ Rome, chess set, ntapu. proof water canister, eriri, a hammock nwere ike na-akwado ibu nke nwoke toro eto, na-ejide ụgbọ ala na ebe, a àkwà mmiri na spanned obosara nke akọrọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na a zuru-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụ ọrụ trebuchet na duct teepu dị ka nanị ihe nkedo.N'ime ihe omume "Duct Tape Plane", MythBusters rụziri (ma mechaa dochie) akpụkpọ ụgbọ elu dị arọ nke nwere teepu duct wee fe ya mita ole na ole n'elu ụzọ ụgbọ elu.

Ihe ngosi redio nke Garrison Keillor A Prairie Home Companion gụnyere mgbasa ozi akụkọ ifo na-atọ ọchị nke "American Duct Tape Council" kwadoro.